Since times of Aristotle people divide all events and phenomena on possible and impossible, first of which either come true or not, and impossible do not exist. According to these long-held concepts there are much more probable than existing things in the world: in fact not everything, that is possible, exists, but everything existing is certainly possible. In his days Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 - 1716) has noticed, that un-being (nonexistence) is much more possible, than existence of whatsoever. While trying to distribute this "probability theory" on the fundamental principle we detect, that existence of the world is not only hardly probable, but also impossible, as well as existence of its Creator. However the Creator overcomes impossibility of Own existence by doing the impossible world real! The Creator not only makes miracles happen, but also lives this miracle Itself!
Miracle is an impossible event that nevertheless has come true. And so far as miracles happen, we should not divide phenomena on possible and impossible any more: in fact owing to the Highest also impossible comes true - contrary to classical laws of logic.
While absurd trying to lead out fundamental principles to the rational path mind realizes its own borders. In 1931 the Austrian scientist Kurt Friedrich GЖdel (1906 - 1978) has proved existence of statements which cannot be concluded by deductive method from axioms of arithmetic. It was later determined that deduced statements build only immeasurably small part of all statements, it is impossible neither to prove the validity of overwhelming majority of them, nor to deny it.
Performed by Kurt GЖdel revolution in bases of mathematics put an end to the naive confidence in inclusivity of formal thought, peculiar in those times to the majority of "academic community". The outstanding mathematician and philosopher, academician of Russian Academy of Science Aleksey Parshin stated the value of the theorem of GЖdel not only for mathematics, but also for human culture in general: "If there was no theorem of GЖdel, life would not be not only more pleasant, it simply would not exist"... Theorem of GЖdel shows not only narrowness of logical means, it speaks about fundamental deep characteristic of thinking and probably of life in general. If we want to understand something in the human thinking then it is possible not contrary to the theorem of GЖdel, but owing to it" [Parshin A.N. The Way of Mathematician and other Worlds. М.: Dobrosvet, 2002. P. 70 - 71].
If till 30th years of XX century it was still possible to amuse themselves with illusions of possibility of the mathematics construction which doesn't consider the absurdity of the formal logic bases, but after GЖdel revolution it became impossible.
Pythagoreans understood under mathematics (from Greek ?????? "studying through reflection"), not a separate subject domain of knowledge, but "precise expression of something reached by reflection". Thus mathematics remained for them an integral part of philosophy. Allocation of mathematics in a domain that is separate from philosophy transformed it into sophisticated game on the thought up by players rules like chess or checkers. Thus the question of conformity of mathematical objects to objects of the real world was not customary to put. Then already in Modern age meaning of concept named "mathematics" changed on opposite, and it began to be associated not even with experimental science, but with experimental technology with "interrogating the nature through experiment".
But going out of limits of ordinary experience and transition to "logic of absurdity" incredible as it may seem gives us the ability to acquire true knowledge of the real world. "Pseudo personalized mind" gives way to the true mind.
For GЖdel God is the Absolute Personality. As he said, "Einstein's Religion is too abstract as by Spinoza and in the Indian philosophy. The God of Spinoza is less than personality; my God is more than personality; because God can play a role of a person"'.
Idea of Tertullian: "Et mortuus est dei filius; prorsus credibile est, quia ineptum est. Et sepultus resurrexit; certum est, quia impossibile" ("The Son of God also died, it is absolutely sure, because it is ridiculously; and revived being buried, it is undoubtedly, because it is impossible") [De Carne Christi V, 4] can be even strengthened, because "mad" and "impossible" are not only death and Revival of God, but also His existence and existence of the world created by Him!
Aleksey Losev's famous aphorisms: "I believe, because it is much as possible reasonable" and "Faith is the requirement of the as much as possible developed mind", usually understood as a debate with Tertullian not only don't contradict to the theories of Tertullian, but logically continue his ideas, completely opening their deep meaning!
Exactly the impossibility to create new formulas provides abilities to create in the same space new mathematical objects and structures, not being afraid that there will be "to narrow". In the design of God there are already present all these objects and structures as there are also present all events. Freely recalling these objects and structures we create them. So the visible paradox between prediction of God and our freedom can be overcome: everything is already created by God, but He gave us freedom in his own similitude to participate in His creation.
The logic itself leads to comprehension of absurdity and it is better to say (considering formed negative attitude to the term "absurdity") its miraculous nature! Logic not only exists owing to a miracle, but also can be overcome by miracle, remaining logic.
"Smooth" knowledge without absurdities and miracle as result appears impossible. Such knowledge would be illusory. And the Truth can be reached only by Miracle!
Victor KUDRIN
[Published in the Moscow's magazine "Nauka i Religia" ("Science and Religion"), 2012, N 10, p. 44 - 45]